nodejs-error-handling

1.Types of Errors in Node.js

Operational errors represent runtime problems whose results are expected and should be dealt with in a proper way. Operational errors don’t mean the application itself has bugs, but developers need to handle them thoughtfully. Examples of operational errors include “out of memory,” “an invalid input for an API endpoint,” and so on.

Programmer errors represent unexpected bugs in poorly written code. They mean the code itself has some issues to solve and was coded wrong. A good example is to try to read a property of “undefined.” To fix the issue, the code has to be changed. That is a bug a developer made, not an operational error.

2.construct error class

class BaseError extends Error {
 public readonly name: string;
 public readonly httpCode: HttpStatusCode;
 public readonly isOperational: boolean;
 
 constructor(name: string, httpCode: HttpStatusCode, description: string, isOperational: boolean) {
   super(description);
   Object.setPrototypeOf(this, new.target.prototype);
 
   this.name = name;
   this.httpCode = httpCode;
   this.isOperational = isOperational;
 
   Error.captureStackTrace(this);
 }
}

export enum HttpStatusCode {
 OK = 200,
 BAD_REQUEST = 400,
 NOT_FOUND = 404,
 INTERNAL_SERVER = 500,
}
//free to extend the BaseError
class APIError extends BaseError {
 constructor(name, httpCode = HttpStatusCode.INTERNAL_SERVER, isOperational = true, description = 'internal server error') {
   super(name, httpCode, isOperational, description);
 }
}

class HTTP400Error extends BaseError {
 constructor(description = 'bad request') {
   super('NOT FOUND', HttpStatusCode.BAD_REQUEST, true, description);
 }
}

const user = await User.getUserById(1);
if (user === null)
 throw new APIError(
   'NOT FOUND',
   HttpStatusCode.NOT_FOUND,
   true,
   'detailed explanation'
 );

3.create a middleware to receive error message

app.post('/user/add', (req, res, next) => {
    try {
    userService.addNewUser(req.body).then((newUser: User) => {
    res.status(200).json(newUser);
    }).catch((error: Error) => {
    next(error)
    });
    } catch (error) {
    next(error);
    }
})

// middleware handling errors
app.use(async (err: Error, req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
 if (!errorHandler.isTrustedError(err)) {
   next(err);
 }
 await errorHandler.handleError(err);
});

3.a class handle different errors

class ErrorHandler {
 public async handleError(err: Error): Promise<void> {
   await logger.error(
     'Error message from the centralized error-handling component',
     err,
   );
   await sendMailToAdminIfCritical();
   await sendEventsToSentry();
 }
 
 public isTrustedError(error: Error) {
   if (error instanceof BaseError) {
     return error.isOperational;
   }
   return false;
 }
}
export const errorHandler = new ErrorHandler();

4.Here is a customized winston logger:

const customLevels = {
 levels: {
   trace: 5,
   debug: 4,
   info: 3,
   warn: 2,
   error: 1,
   fatal: 0,
 },
 colors: {
   trace: 'white',
   debug: 'green',
   info: 'green',
   warn: 'yellow',
   error: 'red',
   fatal: 'red',
 },
};
 
const formatter = winston.format.combine(
 winston.format.colorize(),
 winston.format.timestamp({ format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss' }),
 winston.format.splat(),
 winston.format.printf((info) => {
   const { timestamp, level, message, ...meta } = info;
 
   return `${timestamp} [${level}]: ${message} ${
     Object.keys(meta).length ? JSON.stringify(meta, null, 2) : ''
   }`;
 }),
);
 
class Logger {
 private logger: winston.Logger;
 
 constructor() {
   const prodTransport = new winston.transports.File({
     filename: 'logs/error.log',
     level: 'error',
   });
   const transport = new winston.transports.Console({
     format: formatter,
   });
   this.logger = winston.createLogger({
     level: isDevEnvironment() ? 'trace' : 'error',
     levels: customLevels.levels,
     transports: [isDevEnvironment() ? transport : prodTransport],
   });
   winston.addColors(customLevels.colors);
 }
 
 trace(msg: any, meta?: any) {
   this.logger.log('trace', msg, meta);
 }
 
 debug(msg: any, meta?: any) {
   this.logger.debug(msg, meta);
 }
 
 info(msg: any, meta?: any) {
   this.logger.info(msg, meta);
 }
 
 warn(msg: any, meta?: any) {
   this.logger.warn(msg, meta);
 }
 
 error(msg: any, meta?: any) {
   this.logger.error(msg, meta);
 }
 
 fatal(msg: any, meta?: any) {
   this.logger.log('fatal', msg, meta);
 }
}
 
export const logger = new Logger();

process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason: Error, promise: Promise<any>) => {
 throw reason;
});

赏

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